/*
 * pgstatindex
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Satoshi Nagayasu <nagayasus@nttdata.co.jp>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
 * its documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a
 * written agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this paragraph and the following two
 * paragraphs appear in all copies.
 *
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT,
 * INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
 * LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
 * DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED
 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * THE AUTHOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS
 * IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHOR HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE,
 * SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include "fmgr.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "access/itup.h"
#include "access/nbtree.h"
#include "access/transam.h"
#include "catalog/namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/inval.h"

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pgstatindex);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(bt_metap);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(bt_page_items);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(bt_page_stats);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_relpages);

extern Datum pgstatindex(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum bt_metap(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum bt_page_items(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum bt_page_stats(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum pg_relpages(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);

#define PGSTATINDEX_TYPE "public.pgstatindex_type"
#define PGSTATINDEX_NCOLUMNS 10

#define BTMETAP_TYPE "public.bt_metap_type"
#define BTMETAP_NCOLUMNS 6

#define BTPAGEITEMS_TYPE "public.bt_page_items_type"
#define BTPAGEITEMS_NCOLUMNS 6

#define BTPAGESTATS_TYPE "public.bt_page_stats_type"
#define BTPAGESTATS_NCOLUMNS 11


#define IS_INDEX(r) ((r)->rd_rel->relkind == 'i')
#define IS_BTREE(r) ((r)->rd_rel->relam == BTREE_AM_OID)

#define CHECK_PAGE_OFFSET_RANGE(pg, offnum) { \
		if ( !(FirstOffsetNumber <= (offnum) && \
						(offnum) <= PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(pg)) ) \
			 elog(ERROR, "page offset number out of range"); }

/* note: BlockNumber is unsigned, hence can't be negative */
#define CHECK_RELATION_BLOCK_RANGE(rel, blkno) { \
		if ( RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(rel) <= (BlockNumber) (blkno) ) \
			 elog(ERROR, "block number out of range"); }

/* ------------------------------------------------
 * structure for single btree page statistics
 * ------------------------------------------------
 */
typedef struct BTPageStat
{
	uint32		blkno;
	uint32		live_items;
	uint32		dead_items;
	uint32		page_size;
	uint32		max_avail;
	uint32		free_size;
	uint32		avg_item_size;
	uint32		fragments;
	char		type;

	/* opaque data */
	BlockNumber btpo_prev;
	BlockNumber btpo_next;
	union
	{
		uint32		level;
		TransactionId xact;
	}			btpo;
	uint16		btpo_flags;
	BTCycleId	btpo_cycleid;
}	BTPageStat;

/* ------------------------------------------------
 * A structure for a whole btree index statistics
 * used by pgstatindex().
 * ------------------------------------------------
 */
typedef struct BTIndexStat
{
	uint32		magic;
	uint32		version;
	BlockNumber root_blkno;
	uint32		level;

	BlockNumber fastroot;
	uint32		fastlevel;

	uint32		live_items;
	uint32		dead_items;

	uint32		root_pages;
	uint32		internal_pages;
	uint32		leaf_pages;
	uint32		empty_pages;
	uint32		deleted_pages;

	uint32		page_size;
	uint32		avg_item_size;

	uint32		max_avail;
	uint32		free_space;

	uint32		fragments;
}	BTIndexStat;

/* -------------------------------------------------
 * GetBTPageStatistics()
 *
 * Collect statistics of single b-tree leaf page
 * -------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
GetBTPageStatistics(BlockNumber blkno, Buffer buffer, BTPageStat * stat)
{
	Page		page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
	PageHeader	phdr = (PageHeader) page;
	OffsetNumber maxoff = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page);
	BTPageOpaque opaque = (BTPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(page);
	int			item_size = 0;
	int			off;

	stat->blkno = blkno;

	stat->max_avail = BLCKSZ - (BLCKSZ - phdr->pd_special + SizeOfPageHeaderData);

	stat->dead_items = stat->live_items = 0;
	stat->fragments = 0;

	stat->page_size = PageGetPageSize(page);

	/* page type (flags) */
	if (P_ISDELETED(opaque))
	{
		stat->type = 'd';
		stat->btpo.xact = opaque->btpo.xact;
		return;
	}
	else if (P_IGNORE(opaque))
		stat->type = 'e';
	else if (P_ISLEAF(opaque))
		stat->type = 'l';
	else if (P_ISROOT(opaque))
		stat->type = 'r';
	else
		stat->type = 'i';

	/* btpage opaque data */
	stat->btpo_prev = opaque->btpo_prev;
	stat->btpo_next = opaque->btpo_next;
	stat->btpo.level = opaque->btpo.level;
	stat->btpo_flags = opaque->btpo_flags;
	stat->btpo_cycleid = opaque->btpo_cycleid;

	/*----------------------------------------------
	 * If a next leaf is on the previous block,
	 * it means a fragmentation.
	 *----------------------------------------------
	 */
	if (stat->type == 'l')
	{
		if (opaque->btpo_next != P_NONE && opaque->btpo_next < blkno)
			stat->fragments++;
	}

	/* count live and dead tuples, and free space */
	for (off = FirstOffsetNumber; off <= maxoff; off++)
	{
		IndexTuple	itup;

		ItemId		id = PageGetItemId(page, off);

		itup = (IndexTuple) PageGetItem(page, id);

		item_size += IndexTupleSize(itup);

		if (!ItemIdDeleted(id))
			stat->live_items++;
		else
			stat->dead_items++;
	}
	stat->free_size = PageGetFreeSpace(page);

	if ((stat->live_items + stat->dead_items) > 0)
		stat->avg_item_size = item_size / (stat->live_items + stat->dead_items);
	else
		stat->avg_item_size = 0;
}


/* ------------------------------------------------------
 * pgstatindex()
 *
 * Usage: SELECT * FROM pgstatindex('t1_pkey');
 * ------------------------------------------------------
 */
Datum
pgstatindex(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *relname = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	Relation	rel;
	RangeVar   *relrv;
	Datum		result;
	uint32		nblocks;
	uint32		blkno;
	BTIndexStat indexStat;

	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 (errmsg("must be superuser to use pgstattuple functions"))));

	relrv = makeRangeVarFromNameList(textToQualifiedNameList(relname));
	rel = relation_openrv(relrv, AccessShareLock);

	if (!IS_INDEX(rel) || !IS_BTREE(rel))
		elog(ERROR, "pgstatindex() can be used only on b-tree index.");

	/*-------------------
	 * Read a metapage
	 *-------------------
	 */
	{
		Buffer		buffer = ReadBuffer(rel, 0);
		Page		page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
		BTMetaPageData *metad = BTPageGetMeta(page);

		indexStat.magic = metad->btm_magic;
		indexStat.version = metad->btm_version;
		indexStat.root_blkno = metad->btm_root;
		indexStat.level = metad->btm_level;
		indexStat.fastroot = metad->btm_fastroot;
		indexStat.fastlevel = metad->btm_fastlevel;

		ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
	}

	nblocks = RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(rel);

	/* -- init stat -- */
	indexStat.fragments = 0;

	indexStat.root_pages = 0;
	indexStat.leaf_pages = 0;
	indexStat.internal_pages = 0;
	indexStat.empty_pages = 0;
	indexStat.deleted_pages = 0;

	indexStat.max_avail = 0;
	indexStat.free_space = 0;

	/*-----------------------
	 * Scan all blocks
	 *-----------------------
	 */
	for (blkno = 1; blkno < nblocks; blkno++)
	{
		Buffer		buffer = ReadBuffer(rel, blkno);
		BTPageStat	stat;

		/* scan one page */
		stat.blkno = blkno;
		GetBTPageStatistics(blkno, buffer, &stat);

		/*---------------------
		 * page status (type)
		 *---------------------
		 */
		switch (stat.type)
		{
			case 'd':
				indexStat.deleted_pages++;
				break;
			case 'l':
				indexStat.leaf_pages++;
				break;
			case 'i':
				indexStat.internal_pages++;
				break;
			case 'e':
				indexStat.empty_pages++;
				break;
			case 'r':
				indexStat.root_pages++;
				break;
			default:
				elog(ERROR, "unknown page status.");
		}

		/* -- leaf fragmentation -- */
		indexStat.fragments += stat.fragments;

		if (stat.type == 'l')
		{
			indexStat.max_avail += stat.max_avail;
			indexStat.free_space += stat.free_size;
		}

		ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
	}

	relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);

	/*----------------------------
	 * Build a result tuple
	 *----------------------------
	 */
	{
		TupleDesc	tupleDesc;
		int			j;
		char	   *values[PGSTATINDEX_NCOLUMNS];

		HeapTuple	tuple;

		tupleDesc = RelationNameGetTupleDesc(PGSTATINDEX_TYPE);

		j = 0;
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", indexStat.version);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", indexStat.level);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", (indexStat.root_pages +
										 indexStat.leaf_pages +
										 indexStat.internal_pages +
										 indexStat.deleted_pages +
										 indexStat.empty_pages) * BLCKSZ);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", indexStat.root_blkno);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", indexStat.internal_pages);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", indexStat.leaf_pages);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", indexStat.empty_pages);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", indexStat.deleted_pages);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%.2f", 100.0 - (float) indexStat.free_space / (float) indexStat.max_avail * 100.0);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%.2f", (float) indexStat.fragments / (float) indexStat.leaf_pages * 100.0);

		tuple = BuildTupleFromCStrings(TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(tupleDesc),
									   values);

		result = TupleGetDatum(TupleDescGetSlot(tupleDesc), tuple);
	}

	PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
}

/* -----------------------------------------------
 * bt_page()
 *
 * Usage: SELECT * FROM bt_page('t1_pkey', 0);
 * -----------------------------------------------
 */
Datum
bt_page_stats(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *relname = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	uint32		blkno = PG_GETARG_UINT32(1);
	Buffer		buffer;

	Relation	rel;
	RangeVar   *relrv;
	Datum		result;

	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 (errmsg("must be superuser to use pgstattuple functions"))));

	relrv = makeRangeVarFromNameList(textToQualifiedNameList(relname));
	rel = relation_openrv(relrv, AccessShareLock);

	CHECK_RELATION_BLOCK_RANGE(rel, blkno);

	buffer = ReadBuffer(rel, blkno);

	if (!IS_INDEX(rel) || !IS_BTREE(rel))
		elog(ERROR, "bt_page_stats() can be used only on b-tree index.");

	if (blkno == 0)
		elog(ERROR, "Block 0 is a meta page.");

	{
		HeapTuple	tuple;
		TupleDesc	tupleDesc;
		int			j;
		char	   *values[BTPAGESTATS_NCOLUMNS];

		BTPageStat	stat;

		GetBTPageStatistics(blkno, buffer, &stat);

		tupleDesc = RelationNameGetTupleDesc(BTPAGESTATS_TYPE);

		j = 0;
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.blkno);

		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%c", stat.type);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.live_items);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.dead_items);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.avg_item_size);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.page_size);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.free_size);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.btpo_prev);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.btpo_next);

		values[j] = palloc(32);
		if (stat.type == 'd')
			snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.btpo.xact);
		else
			snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.btpo.level);

		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", stat.btpo_flags);

		tuple = BuildTupleFromCStrings(TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(tupleDesc),
									   values);

		result = TupleGetDatum(TupleDescGetSlot(tupleDesc), tuple);
	}

	ReleaseBuffer(buffer);

	relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);

	PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------
 * bt_page_items()
 *
 * Get IndexTupleData set in a leaf page
 *
 * Usage: SELECT * FROM bt_page_items('t1_pkey', 0);
 *-------------------------------------------------------
 */
/* ---------------------------------------------------
 * data structure for SRF to hold a scan information
 * ---------------------------------------------------
 */
struct user_args
{
	TupleDesc	tupd;
	Relation	rel;
	Buffer		buffer;
	Page		page;
	uint16		offset;
};

Datum
bt_page_items(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *relname = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	uint32		blkno = PG_GETARG_UINT32(1);

	RangeVar   *relrv;
	Datum		result;
	char	   *values[BTPAGEITEMS_NCOLUMNS];
	BTPageOpaque opaque;
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	ItemId		id;

	FuncCallContext *fctx;
	MemoryContext mctx;
	struct user_args *uargs = NULL;

	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 (errmsg("must be superuser to use pgstattuple functions"))));

	if (blkno == 0)
		elog(ERROR, "Block 0 is a meta page.");

	if (SRF_IS_FIRSTCALL())
	{
		fctx = SRF_FIRSTCALL_INIT();
		mctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(fctx->multi_call_memory_ctx);

		uargs = palloc(sizeof(struct user_args));

		uargs->tupd = RelationNameGetTupleDesc(BTPAGEITEMS_TYPE);
		uargs->offset = FirstOffsetNumber;

		relrv = makeRangeVarFromNameList(textToQualifiedNameList(relname));
		uargs->rel = relation_openrv(relrv, AccessShareLock);

		CHECK_RELATION_BLOCK_RANGE(uargs->rel, blkno);

		uargs->buffer = ReadBuffer(uargs->rel, blkno);

		if (!IS_INDEX(uargs->rel) || !IS_BTREE(uargs->rel))
			elog(ERROR, "bt_page_items() can be used only on b-tree index.");

		uargs->page = BufferGetPage(uargs->buffer);

		opaque = (BTPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(uargs->page);

		if (P_ISDELETED(opaque))
			elog(NOTICE, "bt_page_items(): this page is deleted.");

		fctx->max_calls = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(uargs->page);
		fctx->user_fctx = uargs;

		MemoryContextSwitchTo(mctx);
	}

	fctx = SRF_PERCALL_SETUP();
	uargs = fctx->user_fctx;

	if (fctx->call_cntr < fctx->max_calls)
	{
		IndexTuple	itup;

		id = PageGetItemId(uargs->page, uargs->offset);

		if (!ItemIdIsValid(id))
			elog(ERROR, "Invalid ItemId.");

		itup = (IndexTuple) PageGetItem(uargs->page, id);

		{
			int			j = 0;

			BlockNumber blkno = BlockIdGetBlockNumber(&(itup->t_tid.ip_blkid));

			values[j] = palloc(32);
			snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", uargs->offset);
			values[j] = palloc(32);
			snprintf(values[j++], 32, "(%u,%u)", blkno, itup->t_tid.ip_posid);
			values[j] = palloc(32);
			snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", (int) IndexTupleSize(itup));
			values[j] = palloc(32);
			snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%c", IndexTupleHasNulls(itup) ? 't' : 'f');
			values[j] = palloc(32);
			snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%c", IndexTupleHasVarwidths(itup) ? 't' : 'f');

			{
				int			off;
				char	   *dump;
				char	   *ptr = (char *) itup + IndexInfoFindDataOffset(itup->t_info);

				dump = palloc(IndexTupleSize(itup) * 3);
				memset(dump, 0, IndexTupleSize(itup) * 3);

				for (off = 0;
					 off < IndexTupleSize(itup) - IndexInfoFindDataOffset(itup->t_info);
					 off++)
				{
					if (dump[0] == '\0')
						sprintf(dump, "%02x", *(ptr + off) & 0xff);
					else
					{
						char		buf[4];

						sprintf(buf, " %02x", *(ptr + off) & 0xff);
						strcat(dump, buf);
					}
				}
				values[j] = dump;
			}

			tuple = BuildTupleFromCStrings(TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(uargs->tupd), values);
			result = TupleGetDatum(TupleDescGetSlot(uargs->tupd), tuple);
		}

		uargs->offset = uargs->offset + 1;

		SRF_RETURN_NEXT(fctx, result);
	}
	else
	{
		ReleaseBuffer(uargs->buffer);
		relation_close(uargs->rel, AccessShareLock);

		SRF_RETURN_DONE(fctx);
	}
}


/* ------------------------------------------------
 * bt_metap()
 *
 * Get a btree meta-page information
 *
 * Usage: SELECT * FROM bt_metap('t1_pkey')
 * ------------------------------------------------
 */
Datum
bt_metap(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *relname = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	Buffer		buffer;

	Relation	rel;
	RangeVar   *relrv;
	Datum		result;

	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 (errmsg("must be superuser to use pgstattuple functions"))));

	relrv = makeRangeVarFromNameList(textToQualifiedNameList(relname));
	rel = relation_openrv(relrv, AccessShareLock);

	if (!IS_INDEX(rel) || !IS_BTREE(rel))
		elog(ERROR, "bt_metap() can be used only on b-tree index.");

	buffer = ReadBuffer(rel, 0);

	{
		BTMetaPageData *metad;

		TupleDesc	tupleDesc;
		int			j;
		char	   *values[BTMETAP_NCOLUMNS];
		HeapTuple	tuple;

		Page		page = BufferGetPage(buffer);

		metad = BTPageGetMeta(page);

		tupleDesc = RelationNameGetTupleDesc(BTMETAP_TYPE);

		j = 0;
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", metad->btm_magic);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", metad->btm_version);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", metad->btm_root);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", metad->btm_level);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", metad->btm_fastroot);
		values[j] = palloc(32);
		snprintf(values[j++], 32, "%d", metad->btm_fastlevel);

		tuple = BuildTupleFromCStrings(TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(tupleDesc),
									   values);

		result = TupleGetDatum(TupleDescGetSlot(tupleDesc), tuple);
	}

	ReleaseBuffer(buffer);

	relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);

	PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------
 * pg_relpages()
 *
 * Get a number of pages of the table/index.
 *
 * Usage: SELECT pg_relpages('t1');
 *		  SELECT pg_relpages('t1_pkey');
 * --------------------------------------------------------
 */
Datum
pg_relpages(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *relname = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);

	Relation	rel;
	RangeVar   *relrv;
	int4		relpages;

	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 (errmsg("must be superuser to use pgstattuple functions"))));

	relrv = makeRangeVarFromNameList(textToQualifiedNameList(relname));
	rel = relation_openrv(relrv, AccessShareLock);

	relpages = RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(rel);

	relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);

	PG_RETURN_INT32(relpages);
}